What is Human Measles?
Human measles is a highly contagious disease caused by the Measles virus, a member of the Morbillivirus genus, in which Canine Distemper Virus (CDV) is also a member. Transmission occurs through airborne droplets when an infected individual coughs or sneezes. Measles is one of the most contagious infectious diseases ever discovered. It easily spreads from person-to-person with 9 out of 10 unvaccinated people who are exposed to measles becoming infected.
- Symptoms of Measles: The initial symptoms include a high fever, cough, runny nose, and conjunctivitis (red, watery eyes). Small, white spots, known as Koplik’s spots, may appear in the mouth. Following these symptoms, a characteristic red, blotchy rash develops, usually beginning on the face and then spreading downward throughout the body.
- Complications of Measles: Measles can lead to health complications including pneumonia, ear infections, encephalitis (inflammation of the brain), and diarrhea. In severe cases especially in the very young or immunocompromised, measles can be fatal.
- Prevention and Treatment: The measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine is highly effective (97%) in preventing measles. Vaccination is crucial for protecting individuals and achieving “herd immunity”, thus preventing outbreaks. Currently, there is no specific antiviral treatment for measles. Medical care focuses on supportive measures, such as managing fever, hydration, and addressing any complications that may arise.
Why We Don’t Hear Much About Measles Anymore (But Should)
You might be surprised to hear about measles outbreaks, especially in the United States. After all, in the year 2000, measles was declared “eliminated” in the U.S. thanks to the highly effective MMR (measles, mumps, and rubella) vaccine, a routine childhood immunization. Elimination meant that the virus was no longer constantly present in the country. However, “eliminated” doesn’t mean “eradicated.” Measles still circulates globally, and it can be reintroduced into communities with low vaccination rates by unvaccinated people traveling abroad. This is exactly what happened in 2019 when the U.S. saw a significant outbreak with over 1,200 cases in 31 states. The looming threat of measles was tragically illustrated once again by an early 2025 outbreak in West Texas, where the death of a young child underscores the disease’s risks.In the year 2000, measles was declared “eliminated” in the U.S. thanks to the highly effective MMR vaccine
What is Canine Distemper Virus?
Canine Distemper Virus is a serious and highly contagious disease that affects dogs and other animals. It’s caused by a virus similar to the one that causes measles in humans and is in the same scientific genus of Morbillivirus. CDV can infect a wide range of animals, including dogs, ferrets, raccoons, foxes and seals.
- How CDV Spreads: Like measles, this virus is easily spread through the air when an infected animal coughs or sneezes. It can also be spread through contact with infected bodily fluids, like saliva, urine, or feces. Even animals that don’t seem sick can still spread the virus.
- Signs and Symptoms: CDV can also affect different parts of the body:
- Brain and Nerves: Seizures, difficulty walking, changes in behavior
- Respiratory System: Runny nose, coughing, pneumonia
- Digestive System: Vomiting, diarrhea (sometimes with blood)
- Eyes: Inflammation, vision problems, even blindness
- Skin: Thickening of the skin on the nose and paw pads (“hard pad disease”)
- Treatment and Outlook: Unfortunately, there’s no anti-viral medication for CDV. Treatment mainly focuses on managing the symptoms, such as controlling seizures, treating pneumonia with antibiotics, and providing supportive care. Sadly, CDV can be fatal, especially in puppies and unvaccinated dogs. Dogs with neurological symptoms tend to have a worse outcome.
CDV and Human Measles: More Than Just a Family Resemblance
CDV and human measles are kind of like siblings, or close cousins, sharing a common ancestor. Think of that ancestor as their “parent” or “uncle” virus within the Morbillivirus genus. Here’s a simple picture to show you this relationship:
However, just as related humans can develop unique personalities and traits, these viruses have evolved distinct characteristics:
- Who they infect: Dogs (CDV) versus people (measles)
- Fatality rate: CDV more likely to be fatal (as high as 50% fatality rate)
- What the symptoms are: CDV is more likely to result in neurologic problems
Can Your Dog Become Infected with Human Measles?
No. Think of it like this: measles has become a specialist in infecting humans, while CDV is an expert at infecting dogs and other canids. This is because the viruses have changed over time. They now have different “keys” that only unlock the “doors” of certain cells. The measles virus has the right key for human cells, but not dog cells, and vice versa.
Can You Become Infected with Canine Distemper Virus?
No. CDV has not evolved or adapted in ways that allow it to infect humans even though they are closely related viruses.
Protecting Your Dog from Canine Distemper Virus
The good news is that, just like with measles, CDV is preventable with vaccination. The very effective canine distemper vaccine is considered a core vaccine, meaning all puppies should receive it. Puppies need a series of shots until 16+ weeks old, followed by boosters throughout their lives. Talk to your veterinarian to make sure your dog is up-to-date on their vaccinations.
Just like with measles, CDV is preventable with vaccination
Concerned About Canine Distemper? We Can Help.
If you have any questions about canine distemper virus (CDV) or are worried that your dog might be showing symptoms (especially if they are unvaccinated), please don’t hesitate to contact us.
Our team can help you:
- Understand the signs and symptoms of CDV.
- Determine if your dog’s symptoms could be related to CDV or another condition.
- Provide guidance on what to do next.
We’re here to help you keep your furry friend happy and healthy. Contact us today for assistance.
Important Note About Human Measles
While we’re experts in animal health, we’re not qualified to give medical advice about human measles. If you have any questions or concerns about measles in people, please talk to your doctor or another healthcare professional. Your doctor is your best resource for information and guidance on human measles and not online blogs.
Author:
James Woods DVM, MS, DACVIM (SAIM)
Ph: (912) 721-6410
Contact Us
